Mannanase alkaline was purified from thermo Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC® 14917TM) using ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE- Sephadex ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S200 Gel filtration chromatography techniques, in 36% yield and 111 -fold. Gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis were executed pure enzyme systems 35 kDa and 55 kDa. Enzyme subunits were determined as two subunits. Optimum pH 10 and 40 °C was determeined at the optimum temperature. Enzyme activities were retained fairly between 30-80 oC. It was observed that purified mannanase in a wide range was mostly stable at elevated temperatures. In addition, the effects of some metal ions such as Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Ni2+ on mannanase enzymes activity was assayed and all the metal ions were increased the enzyme activity from 100 to 344%.

The effects of metals on the ecological system are very important, and their presence on certain limit values has negative effects on the living things. In particular, it has been determined that structural and functional changes are present in plants exposed to metals at high rates. The accumulation of heavy metals in the environment is a serious problem. In this study, the effect of heavy metals such as Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and As3+ on the plant growth of the seeds of Ispir bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a species peculiar to the Ispir region of Erzurum and well known by public, was investigated. As a result, it was observed that when the seeds were exposed to heavy metals, the plant showed an unhealthy growth and was adversely affected.

Unwanted solid substances released as a result of processes from industrial plants or various production mills are called solid waste, which is also known as ‘slag’. Today, the evaluation of these wastes has a great importance in terms of economic concerns and environmental pollution. Ferrochrome slag, released during the production of Elazig Etikrom Facility over the last 40 years has exceeded 1 million tons and awaits to be evaluated. In this study, a series of tests about the availability of ferrochrome slag in brick production were conducted and the results are presented showing the availability of brick production using slag.

This paper presents the experimental and numerical results of forced convection in a rectangular vertical channel. Experiments have been performed for three different fin shapes including, flat plate, cylindrical and diffuse (Narrow wide) (with the angle of ? = 60°) inside the wind channel. The obtained results are presented to show changes in Nusselt numbers and friction factor for all tested winglet types. Furthermore for each type of winglets, test results have been compared between winglets in the term of temperature distribution along the winglets. It has been concluded that, heat transfer coefficient can be improved due to from renewal as periodic of the boundary layer with effect, which of this winglets have particularly placed in the event of groups periodically contracting and expanding in the winglets. Basic conservation equations are solved in continuous flow regime using three-dimensional simulation in the turbulent flow conditions by means of ANSYS Fluent as a CFD program based on finite volume method.

Oltu clay deposits known Oligocene-Miocene Formations in the Oltu-Narman Basin (NE Erzurum, Turkey) are concentrated in two different stratigraphic horizons namely the Late Oligocene and the Early Miocene sequences. Clay minerals originated by the alteration of Eocene calcalkaline island-arc volcanic, preferably from pyroclastic (trachyte and andesite flow) which form the basement. In this study, these clay deposits have been studied for chemical, mineralogy, and physical properties to decide the most proper industrial use. The industrial significance of the clay deposits depends on the type and the chemical properties of minerals (montmorillonite) in different layers. Physical, mineralogical, and chemical properties of this clay deposits are convenient to use in constructing barriers, filtering layers, and liners in landfills. Some industrial areas are suitable for use of kaolinite and serpentine clay group such as the ceramics and related refractory. Paligorskite and sepiolite group clay mineral are utilized drilling applications. Mica group clay materials are suitable for manufacture of kiln wares and in red or firing pottery products.